污(wu)水處(chu)理行(xing)業(ye)具有自然(ran)壟斷性(xing)質，污(wu)水管(guan)網(wang)等(deng)固定資(zi)產(chan)生命周期長(chang)，同(tong)一區域(yu)內不可能(neng)進行(xing)管(guan)網(wang)的重(zhong)復建(jian)設，使(shi)行(xing)業(ye)具有天然(ran)的區域(yu)壟斷特征。

　　污(wu)水處理(li)行業主(zhu)要競爭(zheng)主(zhu)體按公司(si)性(xing)質(zhi)可分為國有(you)公司(si)、投資型(xing)公司(si)、外資公司(si)，其中國有(you)公司(si)仍占據行業大(da)部(bu)分市場。污(wu)水處理(li)行業經(jing)營(ying)模式以政府特(te)許經(jing)營(ying)為主(zhu)，通(tong)過(guo)獲得特(te)許經(jing)營(ying)權(quan)提(ti)供(gong)污(wu)水處理(li)服務，服務對象多為政府，以政府采購(gou)的方式獲得收(shou)益，直接(jie)面向居民提(ti)供(gong)服務的較少;大(da)型(xing)企業通(tong)過(guo)收(shou)購(gou)兼并、BOT、委托運營(ying)等方式實現擴張(zhang)。

　　國有(you)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)，大多是原國有(you)公(gong)(gong)(gong)用事業(ye)單(dan)位(wei)通過(guo)改制而形成的公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)，目前(qian)國內大部(bu)分(fen)城市(shi)通常(chang)將自來水(shui)(shui)(shui)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)和污(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)處(chu)理公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)統一納(na)入水(shui)(shui)(shui)務公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)管理，在水(shui)(shui)(shui)務公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)內部(bu)形成完整(zheng)的上(shang)下游(you)產(chan)業(ye)鏈(lian)，但(dan)自來水(shui)(shui)(shui)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)和排水(shui)(shui)(shui)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)多分(fen)開經(jing)營。這種模式下，公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)與(yu)政府部(bu)門有(you)天(tian)然的公(gong)(gong)(gong)共關(guan)系優勢(shi)，在區域(yu)范圍(wei)內擁有(you)資(zi)源優勢(shi)和壟斷優勢(shi)。但(dan)在跨地(di)域(yu)經(jing)營、規模經(jing)濟方面與(yu)全(quan)國性的公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)相(xiang)比，有(you)一定的差距。代表公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)：重慶市(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)務控股(集團)有(you)限公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)、紹興市(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)務集團有(you)限公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)。

　　投(tou)資型(xing)(xing)公(gong)司(si)(si)，該類公(gong)司(si)(si)多(duo)(duo)數為上(shang)市公(gong)司(si)(si)，綜(zong)合實力相(xiang)對(dui)雄厚，正在通(tong)過合資經營、收購兼并等(deng)手段積極擴大(da)水務(wu)市場份額，在許多(duo)(duo)大(da)中型(xing)(xing)城市已經形成(cheng)了相(xiang)當的投(tou)資規(gui)模，形成(cheng)了跨區域規(gui)模化經營的格局，市場績效良好(hao)。如北控(kong)水務(wu)集團(tuan)有(you)(you)限(xian)公(gong)司(si)(si)、北京首創(chuang)(chuang)股(gu)(gu)份有(you)(you)限(xian)公(gong)司(si)(si)、天津創(chuang)(chuang)業環(huan)保集團(tuan)股(gu)(gu)份有(you)(you)限(xian)公(gong)司(si)(si)、北京碧水源科技股(gu)(gu)份有(you)(you)限(xian)公(gong)司(si)(si)等(deng)。

　　外(wai)資(zi)(zi)公司(si)，外(wai)資(zi)(zi)公司(si)擁(yong)有(you)(you)先(xian)進(jin)的水(shui)(shui)務(wu)(wu)技(ji)術(shu)，尤其在(zai)污(wu)水(shui)(shui)處理(li)行業處于技(ji)術(shu)領先(xian)地位，但(dan)整個行業中外(wai)資(zi)(zi)公司(si)數(shu)量不多。目前(qian)，威(wei)立雅(ya)和蘇伊士(shi)是中國(guo)市場上最(zui)具代表性的外(wai)資(zi)(zi)水(shui)(shui)務(wu)(wu)巨頭。威(wei)立雅(ya)在(zai)中國(guo)20個地區擁(yong)有(you)(you)正式運營的項(xiang)目，擁(yong)有(you)(you)超(chao)(chao)過(guo)(guo)13000名員工，服務(wu)(wu)人(ren)口超(chao)(chao)過(guo)(guo)4300萬(wan)(wan);蘇伊士(shi)公司(si)則(ze)在(zai)中國(guo)擁(yong)有(you)(you)20家(jia)以上的合資(zi)(zi)公司(si)，供水(shui)(shui)人(ren)口達(da)到1400萬(wan)(wan)，處理(li)能力達(da)到550萬(wan)(wan)噸(dun)/日以上。

　　從現(xian)(xian)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)污水(shui)(shui)處理(li)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)競(jing)爭環境(jing)看(kan)，隨(sui)著投(tou)(tou)資型(xing)(xing)公(gong)(gong)司的(de)擴(kuo)張、社會多方資金的(de)進入，原有的(de)以國(guo)有企業(ye)(ye)(ye)為(wei)主(zhu)的(de)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)壟斷體制(zhi)被打(da)破，盡管(guan)現(xian)(xian)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)各水(shui)(shui)務公(gong)(gong)司間仍存(cun)在區(qu)域(yu)性經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)壟斷優勢，不(bu)會直接發生經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)沖突，但經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)者的(de)增多及區(qu)域(yu)拓展將(jiang)縮(suo)小地區(qu)水(shui)(shui)務發展空(kong)間，加之投(tou)(tou)資型(xing)(xing)或外(wai)方投(tou)(tou)資的(de)水(shui)(shui)務公(gong)(gong)司相對于傳(chuan)統市(shi)(shi)政管(guan)理(li)、控制(zhi)、運營(ying)(ying)的(de)國(guo)有獨資公(gong)(gong)司，其經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)目的(de)的(de)盈(ying)利性更強(qiang)，因此運營(ying)(ying)管(guan)理(li)水(shui)(shui)平較高、經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)市(shi)(shi)場化較強(qiang)，已成為(wei)了國(guo)有公(gong)(gong)司的(de)主(zhu)要潛在競(jing)爭對手。而一(yi)些區(qu)域(yu)政府也通過投(tou)(tou)資成立區(qu)域(yu)性水(shui)(shui)務公(gong)(gong)司來規劃(hua)本地市(shi)(shi)場，行業(ye)(ye)(ye)競(jing)爭日漸激烈。更多最新(xin)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)調查，市(shi)(shi)場調研，可行性分析報(bao)告請訪問。