將(jiang)與(yu)風能(neng)(neng)發電(dian)、現代農業及扶貧項(xiang)目等相(xiang)結合(he)就(jiu)構(gou)成(cheng)了光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏+模(mo)式(shi)。說(shuo)到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)具體(ti)應用(yong)，多數人的(de)(de)(de)(de)腦海(hai)里都會(hui)出現西部戈(ge)壁灘或(huo)者沙(sha)漠建(jian)設的(de)(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏電(dian)站(zhan)，或(huo)者工(gong)業廠房(fang)屋頂建(jian)設的(de)(de)(de)(de)分布式(shi)電(dian)站(zhan)。由于(yu)太陽(yang)輻射能(neng)(neng)量密度低(di)，建(jian)設光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏電(dian)站(zhan)一(yi)般(ban)需要大(da)面(mian)積(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)廉價土地(di)，比(bi)如戈(ge)壁灘、半固(gu)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)沙(sha)漠和鹽堿(jian)地(di)等。長期以來，我(wo)國(guo)主要在新疆(jiang)、青海(hai)、甘肅(su)、內蒙古等地(di)發展光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏產業。但由于(yu)這(zhe)些地(di)區(qu)(qu)適合(he)建(jian)設的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)方十(shi)分有限(xian)，且(qie)把(ba)這(zhe)些電(dian)從沙(sha)漠地(di)區(qu)(qu)運輸(shu)到(dao)工(gong)業比(bi)較發達(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)沿海(hai)和南(nan)部地(di)區(qu)(qu)成(cheng)本(ben)比(bi)較高，所以中國(guo)目前的(de)(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏電(dian)站(zhan)已經遭遇了發展的(de)(de)(de)(de)瓶頸，西部地(di)區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)站(zhan)建(jian)設速(su)度也逐漸放緩。光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏+模(mo)式(shi)為太陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)產業指明了一(yi)條新的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展道路，不僅可(ke)(ke)以解決太能(neng)(neng)能(neng)(neng)自身的(de)(de)(de)(de)局限(xian)性，又(you)有效(xiao)利用(yong)了土地(di)資源，更有可(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)為貧困農民帶來造(zao)血能(neng)(neng)力。

　　光伏+風能提高可再生(sheng)能源(yuan)的綜合利(li)用率

　　太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能和風(feng)能是(shi)最普(pu)遍的(de)(de)自然資(zi)源(yuan)，也是(shi)取之不盡的(de)(de)可再生能源(yuan)，而(er)(er)且兩者(zhe)在時間變化分布(bu)上(shang)有(you)很(hen)(hen)強(qiang)的(de)(de)互(hu)(hu)補(bu)性。白天太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)光最強(qiang)時，風(feng)很(hen)(hen)小(xiao)，到了晚上(shang)，光照很(hen)(hen)弱，但由于地表溫差變化大(da)而(er)(er)風(feng)能有(you)所加強(qiang);在夏季，太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)光強(qiang)度大(da)而(er)(er)風(feng)小(xiao)，冬季，太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)光強(qiang)度弱而(er)(er)風(feng)大(da)。太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能和風(feng)能在時間上(shang)的(de)(de)互(hu)(hu)補(bu)性使(shi)得風(feng)光互(hu)(hu)補(bu)發電系統(tong)(tong)在資(zi)源(yuan)分布(bu)上(shang)具有(you)很(hen)(hen)好(hao)的(de)(de)匹(pi)配性，因此而(er)(er)建(jian)立起來的(de)(de)風(feng)光互(hu)(hu)補(bu)發電系統(tong)(tong)就資(zi)源(yuan)條件而(er)(er)言(yan)是(shi)很(hen)(hen)好(hao)的(de)(de)獨立供電系統(tong)(tong)。

　　光電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)是(shi)(shi)利用光伏組(zu)件將(jiang)太陽能(neng)轉換成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)，然后通(tong)過控制(zhi)器對(dui)(dui)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，最后通(tong)過逆變器對(dui)(dui)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)負荷(交(jiao)流負載)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)一(yi)套系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)。該系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)優(you)點(dian)是(shi)(shi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)可靠(kao)性高(gao)，運行維(wei)(wei)護成本低(di)，缺(que)點(dian)是(shi)(shi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)造價高(gao)。風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)則(ze)是(shi)(shi)利用小型(xing)風力發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機，將(jiang)風能(neng)轉換成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)，然后通(tong)過控制(zhi)器對(dui)(dui)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，最后通(tong)過逆變器對(dui)(dui)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)負荷供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)一(yi)套系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)。該系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)優(you)點(dian)是(shi)(shi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)較高(gao)，系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)造價較低(di)，運行維(wei)(wei)護成本低(di)，缺(que)點(dian)就是(shi)(shi)小型(xing)風力發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機可靠(kao)性低(di)。

　　雖然風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和光(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)通過引入蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)儲能設(she)備(bei)后能夠(gou)穩定(ding)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，但系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)每天的(de)(de)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)受天氣(qi)的(de)(de)影響很大，會引起系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)與用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)負荷的(de)(de)不平衡(heng)，從而導致蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)處(chu)于虧電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態(tai)或過充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態(tai)，長(chang)期運行會降低(di)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)的(de)(de)使用壽命，增加系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)維(wei)護投資(zi)。考慮到風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和光(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)在蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)和逆變環節(jie)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)通用，所以(yi)(yi)(yi)建立(li)風光(guang)(guang)互補(bu)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)在技術應用上成(cheng)為可(ke)能，同時可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)減少儲能設(she)備(bei)—蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)設(she)計(ji)容量(liang)，一(yi)定(ding)程度上消除了(le)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)的(de)(de)供需不平衡(heng)，從而即降低(di)了(le)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)投資(zi)也(ye)減輕了(le)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)維(wei)護工作量(liang)。因此從技術評價來看，風光(guang)(guang)互補(bu)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)是一(yi)種合(he)理(li)的(de)(de)獨立(li)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)。

　　風(feng)光(guang)互補(bu)(bu)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)在(zai)資源上彌(mi)補(bu)(bu)了風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和光(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)獨立(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)在(zai)資源上的各(ge)自(zi)缺(que)陷，在(zai)技(ji)術應用(yong)(yong)中(zhong)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)通(tong)過(guo)儲能(neng)環(huan)節使獨立(li)(li)的風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、光(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)得到合(he)理(li)化(hua)(hua)整(zheng)合(he)。風(feng)光(guang)互補(bu)(bu)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)根據用(yong)(yong)戶的用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)負(fu)荷情況和資源條件進行系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)容量的合(he)理(li)配置，既可(ke)保證發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)可(ke)靠性，又可(ke)降低(di)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的造價(jia)。無論(lun)是怎樣(yang)的環(huan)境和怎樣(yang)的用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)要(yao)(yao)求，風(feng)光(guang)互補(bu)(bu)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)都可(ke)作出最(zui)優化(hua)(hua)的系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)設(she)計方(fang)案來滿足用(yong)(yong)戶的要(yao)(yao)求。

　　光伏(fu)+農業提高單位土地(di)產出(chu)率

　　光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)+農(nong)業(ye)作為一種新興(xing)的(de)農(nong)業(ye)形式，光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)農(nong)業(ye)為現代農(nong)業(ye)指明了一條“類工(gong)業(ye)”的(de)綠(lv)色發展道路。由于(yu)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)發電(dian)不(bu)僅解決了取水灌溉、機械動(dong)力(li)所需要(yao)的(de)供(gong)電(dian)問(wen)題，還(huan)可以產(chan)(chan)出(chu)多余的(de)電(dian)力(li)上(shang)網輸出(chu)，因此(ci)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)農(nong)業(ye)是符合生(sheng)物鏈關(guan)系(xi)和生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)原料能量系(xi)統要(yao)求的(de)重要(yao)農(nong)業(ye)工(gong)程形式。從(cong)長遠來看，發展光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)農(nong)業(ye)不(bu)僅可以解決光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)與農(nong)業(ye)發展爭地的(de)現狀，對于(yu)我國(guo)的(de)農(nong)業(ye)轉型也(ye)具(ju)有重要(yao)意義(yi)。

　　光(guang)伏+農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)模式(shi)(shi)主要(yao)通過(guo)在(zai)(zai)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)大(da)棚(peng)(peng)上架設(she)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)透(tou)光(guang)率的(de)(de)太陽(yang)能(neng)電池(chi)板或(huo)者(zhe)光(guang)伏薄膜來(lai)實(shi)(shi)現。其優勢(shi)在(zai)(zai)于：首先，由于其具備一定的(de)(de)透(tou)光(guang)性，不(bu)(bu)僅能(neng)滿足(zu)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)作(zuo)物的(de)(de)采光(guang)需(xu)求，可種植(zhi)(zhi)有機農(nong)(nong)產品、名貴苗木等各類高附加值作(zuo)物，還(huan)能(neng)夠養殖牲畜、發展漁業(ye)(ye)，或(huo)者(zhe)實(shi)(shi)現作(zuo)物的(de)(de)反季種植(zhi)(zhi)。其次，光(guang)伏農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)大(da)棚(peng)(peng)利(li)用的(de)(de)是(shi)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)大(da)棚(peng)(peng)的(de)(de)棚(peng)(peng)頂，因此能(neng)夠節約土地資(zi)源。最(zui)后，作(zuo)為(wei)一種新(xin)型的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)生產經(jing)營模式(shi)(shi)，在(zai)(zai)帶動區域(yu)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)科(ke)學(xue)技術推廣和應用的(de)(de)同(tong)時，通過(guo)實(shi)(shi)現農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)科(ke)技化、農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)產業(ye)(ye)化，將成為(wei)區域(yu)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)效和農(nong)(nong)民增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)收的(de)(de)支柱(zhu)型產業(ye)(ye)。比如光(guang)伏農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)大(da)棚(peng)(peng)把農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)、生態(tai)和旅(lv)游(you)(you)業(ye)(ye)結合起來(lai)，利(li)用田園景觀、農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)生產活動、農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)生態(tai)環境和生態(tai)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)經(jing)營模式(shi)(shi)，以(yi)貼近自然的(de)(de)特色(se)旅(lv)游(you)(you)項目吸(xi)引周邊城(cheng)市(shi)游(you)(you)客(ke)在(zai)(zai)周末及節假日作(zuo)短(duan)期停留，以(yi)最(zui)大(da)限度(du)利(li)用資(zi)源，增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)加旅(lv)游(you)(you)收益。

　　在(zai)(zai)國(guo)(guo)家相關政策抑制(zhi)大型集中式(shi)地(di)面電站(zhan)建設、分布式(shi)發展(zhan)又遭遇“好屋頂難求”的(de)(de)背景(jing)下，光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)蔬(shu)菜大棚、“漁光(guang)互補”水產(chan)養殖、太陽(yang)能(neng)殺蟲(chong)等一(yi)系列農(nong)(nong)業領域的(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)，為國(guo)(guo)內(nei)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)+農(nong)(nong)業的(de)(de)發展(zhan)帶來(lai)了新的(de)(de)機(ji)會。光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)技術和產(chan)品在(zai)(zai)現代(dai)農(nong)(nong)業中有(you)著廣泛的(de)(de)運用(yong)前景(jing)和重大的(de)(de)現實(shi)意義。有(you)專家計算(suan)，如果(guo)在(zai)(zai)全國(guo)(guo)大面積、大范圍地(di)推(tui)廣光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)農(nong)(nong)業產(chan)品，其(qi)市場可達千億元規模(mo)，在(zai)(zai)5年(nian)內(nei)可達到萬億元規模(mo)。

　　光伏+扶(fu)貧(pin)項目惠(hui)農新路

　　光(guang)伏發電與扶(fu)貧(pin)相結合，實(shi)現了扶(fu)貧(pin)開(kai)發由“輸血式(shi)扶(fu)貧(pin)”向(xiang)“造血式(shi)扶(fu)貧(pin)”的轉(zhuan)變，開(kai)創了一條扶(fu)貧(pin)、環保、光(guang)伏產業共贏的惠農新路。在政府(fu)和電網企業的大力支持下(xia)，分(fen)布式(shi)光(guang)伏發電或(huo)將(jiang)改(gai)變貧(pin)困地區的面貌。

　　光(guang)伏(fu)扶貧始(shi)于安(an)徽省合(he)(he)肥(fei)市。2013年，合(he)(he)肥(fei)市政府在全市選擇了105戶(hu)農村(cun)貧困(kun)(kun)家(jia)庭開展分布(bu)式光(guang)伏(fu)發電(dian)站建(jian)設試點工作，探索(suo)了一條(tiao)農村(cun)“無(wu)(wu)勞力、無(wu)(wu)資金、無(wu)(wu)穩定(ding)收入來源(yuan)”貧困(kun)(kun)農戶(hu)脫貧解(jie)困(kun)(kun)的新路(lu)子。試點工程讓不(bu)少貧困(kun)(kun)人口的基本生活得到了保障，合(he)(he)肥(fei)市首批試點電(dian)站發電(dian)90MWh，上網(wang)電(dian)量73MWh，戶(hu)均季度增收632元(yuan)，最多1戶(hu)增收1093元(yuan)。

　　光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)扶貧(pin)(pin)工程能為貧(pin)(pin)困戶(hu)帶來(lai)穩定的(de)(de)家庭收入(ru)，并在資源與環境(jing)矛盾日益(yi)突出(chu)的(de)(de)今天，能為環境(jing)減負(fu)，也是(shi)能源利用方式的(de)(de)改變。然而，利用光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)發電(dian)達(da)到扶貧(pin)(pin)目的(de)(de)，最(zui)(zui)重(zhong)要的(de)(de)還是(shi)讓電(dian)力(li)能夠上(shang)“網(wang)(wang)”。這(zhe)就需要電(dian)網(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)“最(zui)(zui)后(hou)一公(gong)里”，將(jiang)分(fen)散的(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)站(zhan)與電(dian)網(wang)(wang)連(lian)結起(qi)來(lai)。因此，電(dian)網(wang)(wang)建設和維護在光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)扶貧(pin)(pin)工作(zuo)中起(qi)著至關(guan)重(zhong)要的(de)(de)作(zuo)用。此前，國家電(dian)網(wang)(wang)公(gong)司(si)(si)和南方電(dian)網(wang)(wang)公(gong)司(si)(si)均已開(kai)展個人分(fen)布式光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)站(zhan)的(de)(de)并網(wang)(wang)工作(zuo)，制定了一系(xi)(xi)列優惠的(de)(de)服務舉措，包括為業主(zhu)提供免(mian)費的(de)(de)接入(ru)系(xi)(xi)統方案制定、并網(wang)(wang)檢(jian)測、調試等全(quan)過程服務，免(mian)收系(xi)(xi)統備用費，按照國家政策全(quan)額收購富余電(dian)力(li)等等。

　　光伏+模(mo)式 分布式光伏發展新趨勢

　　在國家大力(li)發展低碳綠(lv)色經(jing)濟(ji)的(de)(de)(de)背景(jing)下，政(zheng)策利(li)(li)(li)好+技(ji)術利(li)(li)(li)好+環境利(li)(li)(li)好，天時地(di)(di)利(li)(li)(li)人(ren)和(he)有利(li)(li)(li)于光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)+產業(ye)大發展。預(yu)計到2020年，風光(guang)互補分布式能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)消費比化(hua)石能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)還(huan)要便(bian)宜。在“十三(san)五”期間，通過推動新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)發展實現(xian)精準扶(fu)貧(pin)(pin)，使(shi)中西部地(di)(di)區的(de)(de)(de)風電(dian)、太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)資源(yuan)豐(feng)富的(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)區，通過分布式能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)、綠(lv)網型、智能(neng)(neng)微網和(he)新(xin)型城鎮(zhen)化(hua)，利(li)(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)這(zhe)些載體(ti)，可以迅速帶動他們脫貧(pin)(pin)致富、走向小康。由(you)于建設農(nong)業(ye)與(yu)(yu)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)一(yi)體(ti)化(hua)電(dian)站，將傳統(tong)農(nong)業(ye)種植與(yu)(yu)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發電(dian)相結合，提(ti)高光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發電(dian)項目土地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)綜合利(li)(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)率(lv)，實現(xian)陽光(guang)、土地(di)(di)資源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)立體(ti)高效利(li)(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)，得到了(le)眾(zhong)多地(di)(di)區的(de)(de)(de)青睞。更多最新(xin)數據分析、市場分析報(bao)告(gao)、市場調研(yan)、行業(ye)分析，請訪(fang)問(wen)。