據靈核網最(zui)新信息,改革開(kai)放(fang)以來,尤(you)其最(zui)近10年,隨著我國(guo)經濟持續快速(su)發展(zhan),各地一大(da)批(pi)高層住(zhu)宅及建筑物拔(ba)地而起,電(dian)(dian)(dian)梯(ti)(ti)需求(qiu)量日趨增大(da),為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)梯(ti)(ti)制造業發展(zhan)注入強大(da)動力(li),迄今我國(guo)已成為(wei)全球(qiu)最(zui)大(da)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)梯(ti)(ti)制造國(guo)和世界最(zui)大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)梯(ti)(ti)市(shi)場(chang)(chang),由此拉動了電(dian)(dian)(dian)梯(ti)(ti)用鋼絲繩(sheng)(sheng)需求(qiu),業內人士預測(ce)未來國(guo)內電(dian)(dian)(dian)梯(ti)(ti)用鋼絲繩(sheng)(sheng)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)前景廣(guang)闊,是金(jin)屬線材(cai)制品市(shi)場(chang)(chang)的一個(ge)閃光(guang)點。

我國電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)梯(ti)制(zhi)造業(ye)的(de)(de)快速(su)(su)(su)發展,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)梯(ti)市場日(ri)趨擴容,拉(la)動了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)梯(ti)用(yong)(yong)(yong)鋼絲(si)(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)的(de)(de)需(xu)求。業(ye)內人士介紹(shao),電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)梯(ti)鋼絲(si)(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)是以單繩(sheng)股圍繞繩(sheng)芯呈螺旋(xuan)狀捻制(zhi)而成,通常(chang)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)50-65號(hao)優質碳素(su)鋼或60Si2Mn鋼絲(si)(si)(si)(si)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)梯(ti)用(yong)(yong)(yong)鋼絲(si)(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)主要有(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)梯(ti)曳引用(yong)(yong)(yong)鋼絲(si)(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)、液壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)梯(ti)用(yong)(yong)(yong)鋼絲(si)(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)梯(ti)平衡(heng)(補償(chang))用(yong)(yong)(yong)鋼絲(si)(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)梯(ti)限速(su)(su)(su)器用(yong)(yong)(yong)鋼絲(si)(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)等;電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)梯(ti)鋼絲(si)(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)其卷揚用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)型(xing)(xing)號(hao)有(you)8×S(19),8×W(19),8×Fi(25),調速(su)(su)(su)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)型(xing)(xing)號(hao)有(you)6×24,6×S(19),6×Fi(25)等,平衡(heng)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)有(you)6×37,8×Fi(25)等。除了(le)常(chang)規型(xing)(xing)號(hao),還(huan)開發了(le)適合超高速(su)(su)(su)大容量電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)梯(ti)用(yong)(yong)(yong)粗直(zhi)徑(jing)鋼絲(si)(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)及(ji)適用(yong)(yong)(yong)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)梯(ti)系(xi)統小型(xing)(xing)化(hua)的(de)(de)小直(zhi)徑(jing)鋼絲(si)(si)(si)(si)繩(sheng)系(xi)列。
這些年,我國的電梯用鋼(gang)絲繩(sheng)制(zhi)造業伴隨(sui)著(zhu)電(dian)梯(ti)(ti)(ti)制(zhi)造業的(de)發(fa)展而發(fa)展,早在(zai)2003年,我國(guo)電(dian)梯(ti)(ti)(ti)鋼絲(si)繩(sheng)產(chan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)才1萬(wan)(wan)余噸,主要依(yi)靠進(jin)口(kou)(kou)。近(jin)年我國(guo)電(dian)梯(ti)(ti)(ti)鋼絲(si)繩(sheng)產(chan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)3.3萬(wan)(wan)噸左右,每年進(jin)口(kou)(kou)量(liang)(liang)(liang)850噸左右。高(gao)(gao)速、超高(gao)(gao)速電(dian)梯(ti)(ti)(ti)用(yong)鋼絲(si)繩(sheng)進(jin)口(kou)(kou)數量(liang)(liang)(liang)逐漸減少,說明國(guo)內的(de)電(dian)梯(ti)(ti)(ti)用(yong)鋼絲(si)繩(sheng)在(zai)產(chan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)和質量(liang)(liang)(liang)上取得長足進(jin)展,尤其是(shi)高(gao)(gao)速、超高(gao)(gao)速電(dian)梯(ti)(ti)(ti)用(yong)鋼絲(si)繩(sheng)的(de)研發(fa),使國(guo)產(chan)電(dian)梯(ti)(ti)(ti)鋼絲(si)繩(sheng)競爭(zheng)高(gao)(gao)品質市場讓出一定的(de)發(fa)展空間。
目(mu)前,國(guo)內(nei)電(dian)梯鋼(gang)(gang)絲(si)繩的制造(zao)水(shui)平得到(dao)了(le)(le)極大(da)發展(zhan),年產(chan)量估(gu)計突破了(le)(le)2.5萬噸(dun)。主要的鋼(gang)(gang)絲(si)繩生(sheng)產(chan)企業(ye)除(chu)按國(guo)標生(sheng)產(chan)外(wai)(wai),都普(pu)遍(bian)采(cai)用了(le)(le)國(guo)際(ji)先進(jin)企業(ye)標準和(he)國(guo)際(ji)標準組織生(sheng)產(chan)。有的生(sheng)產(chan)廠家(jia)自營出口外(wai)(wai),還為OTIS整機配套,已出口到(dao)韓國(guo)、東南亞(ya)、中東、歐洲、大(da)洋洲、南美洲等地,這說明我國(guo)的電(dian)梯鋼(gang)(gang)絲(si)繩生(sheng)產(chan)水(shui)平已接近世界先進(jin)水(shui)平。
鋼(gang)絲(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)制造業的發展(zhan)對鋼(gang)絲(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的原料,即鋼(gang)絲(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)用鋼(gang)提出(chu)更高要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。電(dian)(dian)梯(ti)鋼(gang)絲(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)是電(dian)(dian)梯(ti)的重要(yao)(yao)安全部件(jian),對其質量要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)十(shi)分嚴(yan)格。電(dian)(dian)梯(ti)曳引力的形(xing)成(cheng),主要(yao)(yao)靠(kao)電(dian)(dian)梯(ti)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)與曳引輪(lun)(lun)之間(jian)的摩擦(ca)力生成(cheng),因(yin)此鋼(gang)絲(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)與曳引輪(lun)(lun)之間(jian)必(bi)須(xu)相(xiang)(xiang)互適應(ying)。為了(le)(le)獲得可靠(kao)而充分必(bi)要(yao)(yao)的曳引力,除了(le)(le)在曳引輪(lun)(lun)的配(pei)置、繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)子的根(gen)數、繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)槽的形(xing)狀等(deng)方面(mian)做出(chu)不(bu)同(tong)的設(she)計(ji)外,對鋼(gang)絲(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的結構和鋼(gang)絲(si)(si)的硬度也有相(xiang)(xiang)應(ying)的嚴(yan)格要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。為此,電(dian)(dian)梯(ti)鋼(gang)絲(si)(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)根(gen)據(ju)電(dian)(dian)梯(ti)的不(bu)同(tong)使用條件(jian)和運行要(yao)(yao)求(qiu),設(she)計(ji)出(chu)了(le)(le)不(bu)同(tong)結構和強度配(pei)置。
電(dian)梯鋼(gang)絲繩(sheng)用(yong)原(yuan)料為(wei)優質(zhi)碳素結(jie)(jie)構鋼(gang),普通強度級別常(chang)用(yong)的(de)鋼(gang)號為(wei)42A、47A、62A、67A、40#、45#、55#、60#和(he)65;1960MPa級則需要用(yong)72A或77A來生產。執行標淮按電(dian)梯繩(sheng)標準規定(ding)(ding)為(wei)GB699《優質(zhi)碳素結(jie)(jie)構鋼(gang)》并執行其中對鉛淬火用(yong)鋼(gang)的(de)要求,即(ji)Mn含(han)量應(ying)為(wei)O.3-0.6%,Cr≯0.10,Ni≯0.10,Cu≯0.20的(de)規定(ding)(ding)。
目前(qian)國產的電(dian)(dian)梯(ti)(ti)(ti)用(yong)鋼絲(si)繩(sheng)的高(gao)(gao)端鋼材在(zai)數量(liang)(liang)和(he)質量(liang)(liang)上還不能滿足電(dian)(dian)梯(ti)(ti)(ti)制造業的需(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu),導致高(gao)(gao)速、超(chao)高(gao)(gao)速電(dian)(dian)梯(ti)(ti)(ti)鋼絲(si)繩(sheng)仍需(xu)(xu)(xu)進口。根據我(wo)國現(xian)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)梯(ti)(ti)(ti)數量(liang)(liang)及每年新(xin)增(zeng)電(dian)(dian)梯(ti)(ti)(ti)數量(liang)(liang)推算,每年用(yong)于維修電(dian)(dian)梯(ti)(ti)(ti)更換及新(xin)品配(pei)用(yong)鋼絲(si)繩(sheng)累計需(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)2.5萬噸(dun)至2.7萬噸(dun)電(dian)(dian)梯(ti)(ti)(ti)鋼絲(si)繩(sheng)。一(yi)般級別電(dian)(dian)梯(ti)(ti)(ti)鋼絲(si)繩(sheng)技(ji)術含量(liang)(liang)在(zai)鋼絲(si)繩(sheng)產品體系中居(ju)中略偏上,一(yi)般級別電(dian)(dian)梯(ti)(ti)(ti)鋼絲(si)繩(sheng)市場供(gong)大于求(qiu),但高(gao)(gao)速、超(chao)高(gao)(gao)速電(dian)(dian)梯(ti)(ti)(ti)鋼絲(si)繩(sheng)生產能力(li)不足,實際產量(liang)(liang)僅(jin)為2000-2500噸(dun),仍需(xu)(xu)(xu)從國外進口。
未(wei)來,我國電梯制造產(chan)業(ye)仍(reng)將(jiang)持續發展,電梯市場巨大(da),如果不考慮經濟(ji)適用房對電梯的需(xu)求,那么直梯下(xia)游需(xu)求中普(pu)通住(zhu)宅占比約62%左右,其他為寫字(zi)樓、機場、軌(gui)道交(jiao)通、酒店、商場等公共建筑,結合(he)目前直梯與(yu)扶梯約9:1的結構(gou)比例,所以(yi)商業(ye)住(zhu)宅的電梯潛在市場十分之(zhi)大(da),占電梯總(zong)需(xu)求量的約60%。盡管房地(di)產(chan)業(ye)受到宏觀調控的影響,但目前房地(di)產(chan)業(ye)依然較快(kuai)增長,房地(di)產(chan)投資規(gui)模(mo)呈上升態勢。
由此可見,未來(lai)住(zhu)宅對電梯的需求依然是一(yi)個很大(da)(da)的市(shi)場,發(fa)展(zhan)空間(jian)很大(da)(da),那么電梯用鋼絲繩的需求量同樣將持續(xu)增長,其市(shi)場將進一(yi)步擴容。
為此,國內一批(pi)大(da)型鋼企與(yu)鋼絲(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)制(zhi)造企業聯手(shou),就電(dian)梯鋼絲(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)用鋼進行專向研(yan)制(zhi),形成(cheng)了專用技術條件,從而保(bao)證電(dian)梯鋼絲(si)繩(sheng)(sheng)質量,滿(man)足(zu)電(dian)梯行業發(fa)展的要(yao)求,以替代進口。
陜煤集團榆林化學二期項目取
國家電投集團印發水、火、風版權聲明