我(wo)國(guo)農(nong)業農(nong)村信息(xi)(xi)化建設(she)和發展(zhan)迅猛，農(nong)業生產(chan)經營信息(xi)(xi)化技(ji)(ji)術已經全面(mian)滲(shen)透到現代農(nong)業技(ji)(ji)術體系中。

    2012年中央一號文(wen)件明確了(le)新(xin)階段我國農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)科(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)創(chuang)新(xin)的(de)方(fang)(fang)向，提出了(le)一系列加快農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)科(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)創(chuang)新(xin)的(de)新(xin)思路、新(xin)政策、新(xin)亮點。其(qi)中有(you)兩個亮點值得關(guan)注，一是農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)科(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)創(chuang)新(xin)要(yao)以(yi)需求為(wei)(wei)前提，以(yi)解決問題(ti)為(wei)(wei)導向，以(yi)促進(jin)(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民增收(shou)為(wei)(wei)出發(fa)點；二是提出了(le)現代農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)體(ti)系和以(yi)其(qi)支(zhi)撐的(de)現代農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)方(fang)(fang)式。文(wen)件指出：“把增產(chan)(chan)(chan)增效并重、良(liang)種良(liang)法配套、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)機農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藝結(jie)合(he)、生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)態協調(diao)作為(wei)(wei)基(ji)本要(yao)求，促進(jin)(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)集成化(hua)、勞動過程機械化(hua)、生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)經(jing)營信息化(hua)，構建適應高產(chan)(chan)(chan)、優(you)質、高效、生(sheng)(sheng)態、安全農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展要(yao)求的(de)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)體(ti)系。”這段話，明確了(le)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)科(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)創(chuang)新(xin)方(fang)(fang)向，為(wei)(wei)我國農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)科(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)集成進(jin)(jin)行了(le)準確的(de)定(ding)位(wei)，為(wei)(wei)現代農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)方(fang)(fang)式進(jin)(jin)行了(le)清晰(xi)的(de)定(ding)格(ge)。

   現(xian)代農業技術體系的內(nei)涵

   如何理解“現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)體(ti)系和(he)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)方(fang)式”？筆者認(ren)為(wei)，可以將我(wo)國(guo)(guo)的(de)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)體(ti)系概(gai)括為(wei)“一(yi)個(ge)中(zhong)心，兩(liang)個(ge)支柱，四大特征(zheng)”。“一(yi)個(ge)中(zhong)心”是(shi)指生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)經(jing)營信息化，“兩(liang)個(ge)支柱”是(shi)指農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)集成化、勞動過程機(ji)械化，“四大特征(zheng)”是(shi)指增產(chan)增效并重、良種良法配套、農(nong)(nong)(nong)機(ji)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藝結合、生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)態協(xie)同。我(wo)國(guo)(guo)的(de)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)方(fang)式的(de)本質是(shi)高(gao)產(chan)、優質、高(gao)效、生(sheng)(sheng)態、安全(quan)。在現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)體(ti)系的(de)支撐下(xia)，我(wo)國(guo)(guo)的(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)方(fang)式將發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)根本的(de)轉(zhuan)變。現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)體(ti)系建成之時，也是(shi)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)實現(xian)(xian)之日。

   其中，農業(ye)(ye)生產經營信息化必將成為現(xian)代(dai)農業(ye)(ye)技術體(ti)系(xi)的(de)核心，這是(shi)由現(xian)代(dai)農業(ye)(ye)經濟(ji)的(de)基本特征和農業(ye)(ye)技術協同應用的(de)規律(lv)所決定的(de)。

   首先，基于我國(guo)國(guo)情，現代農業經(jing)濟(ji)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)是以農戶(hu)為主體的(de)市(shi)(shi)場經(jing)濟(ji)，農戶(hu)必(bi)須進行科學(xue)的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)經(jing)營決策(ce)(ce)。單個(ge)農戶(hu)需要(yao)(yao)(yao)在激烈的(de)市(shi)(shi)場競爭環(huan)境下進行生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)和經(jing)營，生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)什么(me)，如何(he)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)，怎么(me)管理，向誰銷售，這些決策(ce)(ce)直(zhi)接(jie)決定了(le)農戶(hu)的(de)勞動(dong)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)率(lv)(lv)、土地的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)率(lv)(lv)和資源的(de)利用率(lv)(lv)，從(cong)而，決定了(le)其自(zi)身收(shou)入和生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)效益(yi)。這些決策(ce)(ce)過(guo)程都需要(yao)(yao)(yao)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)經(jing)營信息(xi)的(de)采集(ji)、處(chu)理和分析，需要(yao)(yao)(yao)現代信息(xi)技術手段和裝備支(zhi)撐。

   其次，信(xin)息(xi)(xi)是農(nong)業(ye)(ye)資(zi)源(yuan)和(he)(he)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)裝(zhuang)備協同的(de)根本途徑，是現(xian)代農(nong)業(ye)(ye)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)集成的(de)主要抓手。目前，我國農(nong)業(ye)(ye)農(nong)村信(xin)息(xi)(xi)化(hua)建設(she)和(he)(he)發展迅(xun)猛，農(nong)業(ye)(ye)生產經(jing)營(ying)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)化(hua)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)已(yi)經(jing)全面滲透(tou)到(dao)現(xian)代農(nong)業(ye)(ye)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)體系(xi)中(zhong)。農(nong)業(ye)(ye)生產經(jing)營(ying)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)體系(xi)建設(she)的(de)核心在(zai)于“一個(ge)基礎(chu)(chu)、三個(ge)支(zhi)(zhi)點(dian)”。“一個(ge)基礎(chu)(chu)”是指以(yi)現(xian)代計算機、網絡通訊技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)為(wei)支(zhi)(zhi)撐的(de)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)基礎(chu)(chu)設(she)施建設(she)。“三個(ge)支(zhi)(zhi)點(dian)”是指以(yi)智能裝(zhuang)備和(he)(he)控制等技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)為(wei)核心，提升傳統農(nong)業(ye)(ye)生產力(li)的(de)規模化(hua)精確生產；以(yi)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)分(fen)析和(he)(he)知識利(li)用為(wei)核心，提升精準決策水平的(de)生產經(jing)營(ying)管理(li)；以(yi)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)資(zi)源(yuan)開發利(li)用。