經歷(li)了(le)(le)2008年的國際金融(rong)危(wei)機(ji)后，金融(rong)不能搞自(zi)(zi)我(wo)創新、自(zi)(zi)我(wo)循環和自(zi)(zi)我(wo)膨(peng)脹已成了(le)(le)業(ye)界(jie)的共識。金融(rong)服務實體經濟(ji)是金融(rong)體系生存(cun)與發展的本質要(yao)求。金融(rong)與實體經濟(ji)是一種共生共融(rong)、相互依存(cun)、同(tong)舟共濟(ji)的關(guan)系。國家發改委日(ri)前發布《商業(ye)銀行收(shou)費行為(wei)執(zhi)法指南》，明確了(le)(le)商業(ye)銀行在(zai)收(shou)費中可能被認定為(wei)違法的情形。這是繼2012年初銀監會整(zheng)治(zhi)銀行業(ye)金融(rong)機(ji)構(gou)不規范經營的“七不準”和“四公開”規定發布以來，政府對(dui)銀行業(ye)金融(rong)機(ji)構(gou)收(shou)費行為(wei)進一步確立的執(zhi)法規范。今年的確是金融(rong)專項整(zheng)治(zhi)和規范年。

　　實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)的(de)衣食(shi)父母，脫離(li)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)就(jiu)成了無源之水(shui)、無本之木。同(tong)樣，實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也依賴于更好的(de)金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)服務(wu)(wu)。因為，更便利、高效的(de)金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)服務(wu)(wu)，會對(dui)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)發展(zhan)給(gei)予更多支持。然(ran)而(er)(er)，如果金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)出(chu)了問(wen)題，也會對(dui)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)造成重大沖擊。因此，金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)一(yi)旦形成自我(wo)(wo)創新、自我(wo)(wo)循環和(he)自我(wo)(wo)膨脹就(jiu)會產(chan)生(sheng)金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)空轉(zhuan)(zhuan)，資(zi)金(jin)在金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)內循環往復地(di)流轉(zhuan)(zhuan)而(er)(er)卻沒有(you)流向實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，并(bing)且不能(neng)創造出(chu)財富(fu)，但在流轉(zhuan)(zhuan)的(de)過程中反而(er)(er)會產(chan)生(sheng)各種損(sun)耗(hao)，比(bi)如員(yuan)工(gong)工(gong)資(zi)、貸款利息、稅(shui)費、通道費用等等。更有(you)甚者(zhe)，金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)空轉(zhuan)(zhuan)到一(yi)定程度，還有(you)可能(neng)釀成金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)泡沫甚至金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)危機(ji)。次(ci)貸危機(ji)暴露的(de)美(mei)(mei)國(guo)金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)與實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)嚴重脫節的(de)缺陷，向國(guo)際金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)監管發出(chu)了強烈警(jing)示，即(ji)國(guo)民經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)發展(zhan)必須(xu)立(li)足于實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。而(er)(er)金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)危機(ji)爆發后(hou)，美(mei)(mei)國(guo)又采取了不同(tong)形式的(de)量化寬(kuan)松政(zheng)策。但在注(zhu)(zhu)入空前規模的(de)貨幣(bi)刺(ci)激措施后(hou)，經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)增長(chang)依然(ran)疲軟(ruan)，但資(zi)產(chan)價格卻產(chan)生(sheng)了嚴重泡沫，這是典型的(de)脫離(li)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)空轉(zhuan)(zhuan)現象。所以，當下，美(mei)(mei)聯儲比(bi)過去(qu)更關注(zhu)(zhu)美(mei)(mei)國(guo)金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)支持實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)情(qing)況(kuang)，更關注(zhu)(zhu)去(qu)杠桿(gan)及實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)效。

　　近幾(ji)年(nian)來，我(wo)國金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)業通(tong)過(guo)(guo)多(duo)種業務(wu)(wu)(wu)創新、加(jia)(jia)快資金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)周轉(zhuan)速度、削減融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)資服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)費(fei)、加(jia)(jia)快審批(pi)效率等(deng)措施，在(zai)降低實體經(jing)濟融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)資成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本，支持實體經(jing)濟上(shang)取得了(le)長足進步(bu)。但金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)市(shi)場(chang)上(shang)也存(cun)(cun)在(zai)著諸多(duo)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)機構(gou)(gou)經(jing)營不(bu)規范現(xian)象(xiang)，比(bi)如(ru)一些(xie)(xie)商業銀行(xing)(xing)以貸(dai)轉(zhuan)存(cun)(cun)、以貸(dai)收(shou)費(fei)、借貸(dai)搭售、轉(zhuan)嫁成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本、收(shou)費(fei)項(xiang)目(mu)不(bu)公(gong)開(kai)、服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)質價不(bu)公(gong)開(kai)、使用虛(xu)假或使人誤解的價格手(shou)段誘騙消費(fei)者購買保(bao)(bao)險等(deng)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)產品(pin)等(deng)。金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)空轉(zhuan)現(xian)象(xiang)也不(bu)乏其例(li)，比(bi)如(ru)非標(biao)資產、通(tong)道業務(wu)(wu)(wu)、金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)同(tong)業存(cun)(cun)款、影子銀行(xing)(xing)業務(wu)(wu)(wu)，最典型的是在(zai)去(qu)年(nian)股(gu)市(shi)巨震時(shi)(shi)，各種類型金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)機構(gou)(gou)在(zai)為(wei)(wei)配資提供服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)時(shi)(shi)所(suo)暴露出來的業態角(jiao)色。金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)空轉(zhuan)又直接(jie)表現(xian)為(wei)(wei)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)業加(jia)(jia)杠(gang)桿(gan)。我(wo)國間接(jie)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)資占比(bi)過(guo)(guo)高，一些(xie)(xie)銀行(xing)(xing)等(deng)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)機構(gou)(gou)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)間接(jie)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)資的主要中介，對(dui)實體企(qi)業“雨時(shi)(shi)收(shou)傘(san)，雨后(hou)送傘(san)”，而(er)(er)在(zai)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)空轉(zhuan)方(fang)面卻不(bu)遺余力(li)，比(bi)如(ru)在(zai)完成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)信用轉(zhuan)換的同(tong)時(shi)(shi)，也通(tong)過(guo)(guo)非標(biao)資產、通(tong)道業務(wu)(wu)(wu)、金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)同(tong)業存(cun)(cun)款、配資等(deng)業務(wu)(wu)(wu)加(jia)(jia)杠(gang)桿(gan)，而(er)(er)且，銀行(xing)(xing)、保(bao)(bao)險、信托、基金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)、券商等(deng)機構(gou)(gou)還相(xiang)互聯(lian)手(shou)，通(tong)過(guo)(guo)一些(xie)(xie)所(suo)謂資本運作(zuo)平臺(tai)，大(da)肆(si)輪炒上(shang)市(shi)公(gong)司(si)股(gu)權、炒賣(mai)優質實體企(qi)業。尤其今年(nian)一季度，隨著股(gu)市(shi)和樓市(shi)回暖，部分銀行(xing)(xing)和互聯(lian)網(wang)(wang)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)平臺(tai)又開(kai)始放大(da)配資杠(gang)桿(gan)。據報，相(xiang)比(bi)場(chang)內(nei)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)資1:1的杠(gang)桿(gan)比(bi)例(li)，場(chang)外(wai)(wai)杠(gang)桿(gan)動輒為(wei)(wei)1:3至1:5的配資比(bi)例(li)，網(wang)(wang)絡配資最高比(bi)例(li)達15倍。特別是，從股(gu)票“場(chang)外(wai)(wai)配資”，到(dao)房產市(shi)場(chang)“首(shou)付貸(dai)”，再到(dao)“私募基金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)+P2P”，P2P網(wang)(wang)貸(dai)似成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了(le)萬能的“資金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)泵(beng)”，可(ke)與任何金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)產品(pin)和資金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)需求對(dui)接(jie)。一些(xie)(xie)P2P網(wang)(wang)貸(dai)以“普惠金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)”之名，行(xing)(xing)“高杠(gang)桿(gan)”之實。

　　5月以來，在信用事件頻發的(de)背(bei)景下，管理(li)層一系列劍指金融業(ye)(ye)去杠桿的(de)監(jian)(jian)管舉措密集出臺，對銀行(xing)(xing)理(li)財、票據、資管、基金子公(gong)司及(ji)互(hu)聯網金融機構的(de)監(jian)(jian)管不(bu)同程度升級。所以，《商業(ye)(ye)銀行(xing)(xing)收(shou)費行(xing)(xing)為執法指南》嚴(yan)格要求(qiu)各級價格主管部(bu)門(men)要針對新(xin)(xin)情況、新(xin)(xin)問題研究新(xin)(xin)舉措，及(ji)時完善監(jian)(jian)管政策，推動(dong)商業(ye)(ye)銀行(xing)(xing)收(shou)費管理(li)做(zuo)到(dao)三“實”，即項目實、服(fu)務(wu)實和(he)管理(li)實。這是加快人民幣國際化、打造(zao)金融強(qiang)國的(de)金融軟環境建設必不(bu)可缺(que)的(de)一環。

　　在經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)下行壓力很大的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下，金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)業只有著力支(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)實體(ti)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)才能(neng)真(zhen)正回歸本質，才能(neng)真(zhen)正行穩致遠，這也是(shi)規(gui)范經(jing)(jing)營(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)初衷。眼下，我國一方面(mian)(mian)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)大力發(fa)(fa)展非銀行金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)機(ji)構(gou)以(yi)滿足實體(ti)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)運行中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)元化金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)需(xu)(xu)求，另一方面(mian)(mian)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)推動商業銀行轉型(xing)改革(ge)，充分發(fa)(fa)揮其(qi)在普(pu)惠金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)、消費(fei)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)、綠色金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)、供應鏈金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)及共享(xiang)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)等方面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)堅(jian)作用(yong)，提高對實體(ti)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)支(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)效(xiao)率。同(tong)時(shi)，嚴格按制度(du)(du)(du)(du)規(gui)定(ding)下大氣力加(jia)(jia)強監管(guan)，加(jia)(jia)大整治，促使(shi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)去杠桿，減少(shao)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)空轉，規(gui)范經(jing)(jing)營(ying)行為(wei)。為(wei)此，金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)機(ji)構(gou)及社(she)會各界一定(ding)要(yao)用(yong)“大金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)”視野觀(guan)察和評判(pan)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)業服務實體(ti)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況，充分認識金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)對實體(ti)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)支(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)是(shi)多(duo)維度(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，不應將(jiang)(jiang)眼光(guang)僅局限于(yu)資金(jin)(jin)(jin)。同(tong)樣，評判(pan)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)服務和支(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)實體(ti)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)力度(du)(du)(du)(du)也不能(neng)光(guang)看信貸(dai)指(zhi)標，更要(yao)關注社(she)會融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)資規(gui)模中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)其(qi)他指(zhi)標，這樣才更有利于(yu)客觀(guan)全(quan)(quan)面(mian)(mian)評價(jia)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)服務的(de)(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)率及金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)創新(xin)水平;進而將(jiang)(jiang)全(quan)(quan)部金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)機(ji)構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)行為(wei)都納入制度(du)(du)(du)(du)規(gui)范框架中(zhong)，形成金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)監管(guan)全(quan)(quan)覆蓋。